l Carnitine reduces reactive oxygen species endoplasmic reticulum stress and maintains mitochondrial function during autophagy mediated cell apoptosis in perfluorooctanesulfonate treated renal tubular cells Scientific Reports Medium chain fatty acid oxidation is independent of l carnitine in liver and kidney but not in heart and skeletal muscle American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology American Physiological Society Acetyl L carnitine physical chemical, metabolic, and therapeutic properties: relevance for its mode of action in Alzheimer's disease and geriatric depression Molecular Psychiatry Full article: Acetyl L carnitine: from a biological curiosity to a drug for the peripheral nervous system and beyond The bright and the dark sides of L carnitine supplementation: a systematic review Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition Springer Nature Link